Improving Physical Activity Level through School-Based Physical Education in Indonesia A Review of Best Practices and Challenges

Nazaruddin Nazaruddin

doi:10.62568/jomes.v3i3.775

Authors

Nazaruddin Nazaruddin Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Tarbiyah Al-Hilal Sigli

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62568/jomes.v3i3.775

Keywords:

School-based physical education, Physical activity level, Best practices, implementation challenges

Abstract

Low levels of physical activity among school-aged children in Indonesia have become a growing public health concern, contributing to increased risks of obesity and non-communicable diseases. School-based physical education (PE) is recognized as a strategic platform to promote active lifestyles; however, its implementation remains inconsistent across regions. This review aims to identify best practices and examine key challenges in improving students’ physical activity levels through school-based PE in Indonesia. Using a systematic literature review approach, articles published between 2013 and 2023 were retrieved from national and international databases, including peer-reviewed journals, policy reports, and empirical studies. A total of 32 relevant studies were analyzed using thematic content analysis to synthesize evidence on effective strategies and implementation barriers. The findings highlight several best practices, including structured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity sessions, teacher professional development, integration of health literacy into the curriculum, and supportive school policies that allocate sufficient time for PE. Schools implementing comprehensive PE programs reported measurable improvements, such as a 15–25% increase in students’ moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels and enhanced physical fitness indicators. Nevertheless, significant challenges persist, including limited facilities, inadequate teacher training, curriculum overload, and disparities between urban and rural schools. This review underscores the importance of policy alignment, capacity building, and resource optimization to strengthen the role of PE in promoting active lifestyles. Addressing these structural and pedagogical challenges is essential to ensure sustainable improvements in students’ physical activity levels across diverse Indonesian educational contexts.

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