Customer Financial Protection and Bank Accountability in Cyber Banking Fraud
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62568/jomn.v3i2.801Keywords:
Bank Accountability, Cyber Banking Fraud, Customer Financial Protection, Digital BankingAbstract
This study examines the legal protection of customers who suffer financial losses from cyber banking fraud within the Indonesian digital banking system and reconstructs the model of bank liability in response to emerging cybersecurity risks. The novelty of this research lies in the development of an integrated liability reconstruction model that combines proportional liability, enhanced cybersecurity obligations, and mandatory customer compensation mechanisms as a unified framework for customer financial protection. Employing normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study analyzes banking regulations, consumer protection laws, electronic transaction regulations, and relevant legal doctrines concerning financial accountability in cyberspace. The findings demonstrate that the current regulatory framework remains fragmented and reactive, creating legal uncertainty regarding the allocation of liability between banks and customers in cyber fraud cases. Existing practices frequently place a disproportionate burden on customers by invoking negligence defenses, despite banks exercising substantial control over digital security infrastructures and transaction systems. To address this gap, the study proposes a reconstructed liability model that allocates responsibility according to the degree of control over cyber risks, imposes a heightened duty of cybersecurity compliance on banks, and establishes a customer-centered compensation scheme for unauthorized digital transactions. This model contributes to the advancement of banking law by providing a more balanced framework of accountability and financial protection. Practically, it offers regulatory guidance for policymakers, strengthens institutional responsibility for banks, and supports consumer protection agencies in developing more effective mechanisms for resolving cyber banking fraud disputes.
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