Legal Certainty of Oral Grants in Islamic Inheritance Disputes A Juridical Analysis of the Revocation of Hibah after the Grantor’s Death
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62568/jomn.v3i2.805Keywords:
Oral Hibah, Legal Certainty, Inheritance Dispute, Islamic LawAbstract
This study examines the legal certainty of oral hibah in Islamic inheritance disputes and analyzes the juridical implications of revoking hibah after the grantor’s death. Existing studies have generally focused on the validity of hibah under Islamic law or inheritance disputes separately, while limited attention has been given to the legal uncertainty arising from oral hibah claims after the death of the grantor and the need for a comprehensive legal reconstruction. The novelty of this study lies in proposing a legal reconstruction model that integrates Islamic inheritance principles, evidentiary law, and economic law considerations to strengthen legal protection for hibah recipients. This research employs normative legal methods using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Data were collected through an examination of legislation, the Compilation of Islamic Law, judicial decisions, classical and contemporary Islamic legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly literature. The findings indicate that although oral hibah is substantively valid under Islamic law when its pillars and conditions are fulfilled, its enforcement frequently encounters evidentiary obstacles that generate legal uncertainty and inheritance disputes. From an economic law perspective, such uncertainty may undermine property rights protection, family asset distribution, and socio-economic stability. The study proposes a legal reconstruction through mandatory evidentiary reinforcement, formal acknowledgment mechanisms involving notaries and village authorities, and clearer regulations governing the status and revocation of oral hibah after the grantor’s death. These measures provide practical guidance for judges, notaries, local authorities, and policymakers in ensuring legal certainty, preventing inheritance conflicts, and harmonizing maqashid al-sharia with Indonesia’s national legal system.
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